This study investigated the challenges facing 4^th year Health Sciences College students in Gharyan University in translating/ learning English medical terms into Arabic. Two types of instruments were used to collect quantitative data needed for answering the research questions. The study participants were asked to translate and analyse some given medical English terms into Arabic, and via a questionnaire items they were asked to select the strategies they used to translate and analyse the given terms. The results revealed that many of the participants failed to translate the given medical terms into Arabic and most of them failed to analyse the terms into their individual segments. The analysed questionnaire data showed that most of the participants prefer to use bilingual dictionaries in translating the given terms. Explicit teaching of the medical terms translation with the focus on the meaning of the affixes and the roots of the terms may help in achieving correct translation of any English medical terms into Arabic language.  

Key words: challenges, medical terms, quantitative data, questionnaire.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the fluoride content of bottled water brands available in the market of Tripoli city and to measure if it is consistent with local standards. A total of 23 commercially available brands were collected and examined for fluoride content. 22 samples were locally produced and one was imported. The average fluoride levels of each sample was determined using the procedure outline in the Palintest photometer method and then compared with the fluoride content printed on the bottle labels. In all bottled water brands investigated, 19 brands of the analyzed samples did not state the fluoride levels on the labels of the bottles. The determined fluoride concentrations ranged from 0 to 2.75 ppm. For each brand, the fluoride level was not similar to the labeled fluoride. 82.6% (19 brands) had a fluoride content lower than the Libyan standards, 1 brands had a fluoride content higher than the Libyan standards, and 7 brands had zero fluoride content. All the samples examined had fluoride content outside the range regulated by Libyan standards. There was a significant variation between the F levels stated by the manufacturer on the bottle labels and the values measured during the investigation

Comparison Between Secondary School Pupils' English Achievement in General Certificate of Secondary Education And Their Health Sciences College English Admission Test Achievement

The Impact of Professional Schemata on the Reading Comprehension of Libyan University Students Studying ESP in the College of Health Sciences-Gharyan

This study reviewed using peer correction as a teaching technique in dictation exercise and explored the attitude of second year university students studying health sciences in the Colleague of Health Sciences in Gharyan towards peer correction. More than seventy students participated in this study. The study participants exposed to lecturer's feedback and colleague's feedback and their attitudes towards both techniques were measured by using a questionnaire. The results revealed that the majority of the questionnaire respondents preferred their dictation exercise to be corrected by their lecturer, while a small number of the respondents favoured their colleagues' feedback. The participants gave many reasons behind their preferences. These reasons were discussed in relation to the advantages and limitations of peer correction presented in the literature review. It seems that preparation, both psychologically and linguistically, is needed before applying peer correction to get the hopeful benefit of this teaching technique.

Key words: peer correction, lecturer' feedback, teaching technique

This study investigates whether Libyan university students studying English as a foreign language are able to correctly interpret substituted items found in written texts such as one, ones, do,, so and not and whether this positively impact their reading comprehension. As a cohesive relation between linguistic items such as clauses or independent sentences, substitution is a sort of counter which is used in place of the repetition of a particular item. It is hypothesized that Libyan students learning EFL encounter problems in correctly interpreting these substitutes and consequently fail to have satisfactory understanding of their reading materials. A quasi-experiment was organized to test the ability of a hundred Libyan university students to interpret a number of substitutes mentioned in modified statements and consequently comprehend the message of these statements. The results revealed that the majority of the study participants failed to get the passing mark which is 50 over a hundred and the average mark they got was 45. This result may have many pedagogical implications which concern the syllabus and the teaching methods.  

The bacterial strain (Bacillus subtilis) was isolated from soil sample using different composed culture for alkaline protease production in Submerged Fermentationby. The eight different submereged media were prepared to study of enzyme activity. Then the effect of pH, carbon sources nitrogen sources, Nacl concentration and metal ions on protease production were studied. The results indicated to: MD8 produced highest amount of alkaline protease (62.5 U /ml), The extracted crude enzyme was precipitated using varied precentages of ammonium sulphate was studied. The effect of pH,carbon,nitrogen sources sodium chloride concentration and metal ions was studied here and results tom maximum enzyme activity was as pH11 to MD4(17.97U/ml),glucose showed maximum yield in MD2(49.21U/ml) ammonium chloride affected maximum (132.81U/ml) to MD6 and the maximum activity was seen in case of MD5 with 11%NaCl(46.09U/ml) and lastly the metal ions effect was Mncl2(85.94U/ml))

This paper focuses on the revision of the literature related to the reading skills as a background and reading for comprehension as the final desirable product of practising reading. This includes an overview of reading theories, reading skills, and reading strategies and the difference between them. The involvement of conjunctions as defined and classified by Halliday and Hasan (1975) in the reading theories, reading skills, and reading strategies will be highlighted. The study offers important pedagogical recommendations for teachers and curriculum designers. Explicit teaching of reading strategies with clear focus on conjunctions may contribute to the development of reading for comprehension and other English language skills.

Key words: reading comprehension, skills, strategies, conjunctions.

Testing reading comprehension can be achieved by using many types of tests. Tests such as open-ended, multiple-choice and rational cloze tests are widely used by school teachers and language researchers. In this research a multiple-choice rational cloze test was used as the measuring instrument for both pre and post-tests.